This book, first published in 1973, analyses the European Community in a global perspective. It asks and answers two main questions: what does the European Community mean to the masses of the world, and what does it mean to the world community in general? Most critical studies of the EC were made from an internal point of view, and this book is rare in having an external perspective. The author discussed the EC with diverse audiences in 16 countries, and his analyses are invaluable in putting the European project in an international context.

This book, first published in 1973, analyses the European Community in a global perspective. It asks and answers two main questions: what does the European Community mean to the masses of the world, and what does it mean to the world community in general? Most critical studies of the EC were made from an internal point of view, and this book is rare in having an external perspective. The author discussed the EC with diverse audiences in 16 countries, and his analyses are invaluable in putting the European project in an international context.

This major Handbook provides a cutting-edge and transdisciplinary overview of the main issues, debates, state-of-the-art methods, and key concepts in peace and conflict studies today.

The fields of peace and conflict studies have grown exponentially since being initiated by Professor Johan Galtung half a century ago. They have forged a transdisciplinary and professional identity distinct from security studies, political science, and international relations.

The volume is divided into four sections:

• understanding and transforming conflict
• creating peace
• supporting peace
• peace across the disciplines.

Each section features new essays by distinguished international scholars and professionals working in peace studies and conflict resolution and transformation. Drawing from a wide range of theoretical, methodological, and political positions, the editors and contributors offer topical and enduring approaches to peace and conflict studies.

The Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies will be essential reading for students of peace studies, conflict studies and conflict resolution. It will also be of interest and use to practitioners in conflict resolution and NGOs, as well as policy makers and diplomats.

This book investigates peacebuilding in post-conflict scenarios by analysing the link between peace, space and place. By focusing on the case studies of Cyprus, Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Northern Ireland and South Africa, the book provides a spatial reading of agency in peacebuilding contexts. It conceptualises peacebuilding agency in post-conflict landscapes as situated between place (material locality) and space (the imaginary counterpart of place), analysing the ways in which peacebuilding agency can be read as a spatial practice. Investigating a number of post-conflict cases, this book outlines infrastructures of power and agency as they are manifested in spatial practice. It demonstrates how spatial agency can take the form of conflict and exclusion on the one hand, but also of transformation towards peace over time on the other hand. Against this background, the book argues that agency drives place-making and space-making processes. Therefore, transformative processes in post-conflict societies can be understood as materialising through the active use and transformation of space and place. This book will be of interest to students of peacebuilding, peace and conflict studies, human geography and IR in general.

This book investigates peacebuilding in post-conflict scenarios by analysing the link between peace, space and place. By focusing on the case studies of Cyprus, Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Northern Ireland and South Africa, the book provides a spatial reading of agency in peacebuilding contexts. It conceptualises peacebuilding agency in post-conflict landscapes as situated between place (material locality) and space (the imaginary counterpart of place), analysing the ways in which peacebuilding agency can be read as a spatial practice. Investigating a number of post-conflict cases, this book outlines infrastructures of power and agency as they are manifested in spatial practice. It demonstrates how spatial agency can take the form of conflict and exclusion on the one hand, but also of transformation towards peace over time on the other hand. Against this background, the book argues that agency drives place-making and space-making processes. Therefore, transformative processes in post-conflict societies can be understood as materialising through the active use and transformation of space and place. This book will be of interest to students of peacebuilding, peace and conflict studies, human geography and IR in general.

This major new Handbook provides a cutting-edge and transdisciplinary overview of the main issues, debates, state-of-the-art methods, and key concepts in peace and conflict studies today.

The fields of peace and conflict studies have grown exponentially since being initiated by Professor Johan Galtung half a century ago. They have forged a transdisciplinary and professional identity distinct from security studies, political science, and international relations.

The volume is divided into four sections:

• understanding and transforming conflict
• creating peace
• supporting peace
• peace across the disciplines.

Each section features new essays by distinguished international scholars and professionals working in peace studies and conflict resolution and transformation. Drawing from a wide range of theoretical, methodological, and political positions, the editors and contributors offer topical and enduring approaches to peace and conflict studies.

The Handbook of Peace and Conflict Studies will be essential reading for students of peace studies, conflict studies and conflict resolution. It will also be of interest and use to practitioners in conflict resolution and NGOs, as well as policy makers and diplomats.

Exploring the field of peace education, the bulk of the book analyzes and critically evaluates contemporary schools and universities. Providing some successful and not-so-successful alternative school and university projects and experiments, the book proposes peace and development education as a life process and presents a whole array of non-conventional tools and approaches. The unique feature of the book is that instead of putting emphasis on teaching peace and development, it insists on being and becoming what we teach. It makes a great textbook for education courses and programs, and a good handbook for peace educators and peace researchers around the world. The authors of the book are two teachers who are not attached to any regular educational institution anywhere in the world and are qualified to say what they have said in the book. The two authors have played significant, instrumental roles in promoting peace studies.

Exploring the field of peace education, the bulk of the book analyzes and critically evaluates contemporary schools and universities. Providing some successful and not-so-successful alternative school and university projects and experiments, the book proposes peace and development education as a life process and presents a whole array of non-conventional tools and approaches. The unique feature of the book is that instead of putting emphasis on teaching peace and development, it insists on being and becoming what we teach. It makes a great textbook for education courses and programs, and a good handbook for peace educators and peace researchers around the world. The authors of the book are two teachers who are not attached to any regular educational institution anywhere in the world and are qualified to say what they have said in the book. The two authors have played significant, instrumental roles in promoting peace studies.

This is the first ever anthology of key articles by Johan Galtung, widely regarded as the founder of the academic discipline of peace studies. It covers such concepts as direct, structural and cultural violence; theories of conflict, development, civilization and peace; peaceful conflict transformation; peace education; mediation; reconciliation; a life-sustaining economy; macro-history; deep culture and deep structure; and social science methodology. Galtung has contributed original research, concepts and theories to more than 20 social science disciplines, including sociology, international relations and future studies, and has also applied his new insights in practice. The book is a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners, and can serve as a supplemental textbook for graduate and upper undergraduate courses in peace studies and related fields.

Providing a wide-ranging panorama of the ideas, theories, and assumptions on which the study of peace is based, Peace by Peaceful Means gives a theoretical foundation for peace research, peace education, and peace action. This incisive volume is organized into four parts, each of which studies one of the four major theoretical approaches to peace. Peace Theory explores the epistemological assumptions of peace studies as well as the nature of violence. Conflict Theory examines the nonviolent and creative handling of conflict, emphasizing the importance of the culture of conflict. Development Theory looks at structural violence, particularly in the economic field, together with a consideration of the ways of overcoming that violence. Civilization Theory is an exploration of cultural violence focusing on cosmologies, codes, and programs. Finally, in the conclusion the threads of these approaches are drawn together with a focus on peace action: peace by peaceful means. Peace by Peaceful Means is a comprehensive examination of peace that will serve as an invaluable resource to professionals and academics in the fields of peace studies, international affairs, comparative politics, and political science.

Principled World Politics takes stock of contemporary normative international relations and aims to chart the future course of the discipline. The volume brings together the most innovative minds currently working in the field and presents their ideas of how to create a more humane world order. Renowned scholars from around the world explain how to advance the prospects of world peace, economic well-being, social justice, and humane governance. They further examine the changing character of normative theory and how it can more effectively engage contemporary world affairs. As normative IR enjoys a resurgence of interest, this unique and timely volume is the first to systematically organize and present contemporary scholarship and to set out a coherent agenda for the next century.

The book revisits Gandhi in this era of turbulence. As rigidly held notions and practices fall to pieces, and as mechanisms of violence and politicking fail, Gandhi comes to picture. If Gandhi could change the course of history, there must be elements in his thought and action, which need re-examination for the benefit of human society. This collection of essays seeks to address the question: Is it possible to generate Gandhian optimism and faith in truth and nonviolence in the contemporary world? It argues that there is a need for sustained efforts to make an in-depth study of Gandhian principles to address global problems. The book is a useful addition to the literature in political science and international relations, economics, history, sociology, conflict and peace studies, and a guide for the advocates of peaceful means of conflict resolution.

8 und bahnen ihre inhaltlichen Untersuchungen drei spezifische Wege zu friedlicheren Verhaltnissen: durch die Pazifizierung patriarchaler Ge schlechtsgewalt, durch die Verbesserung und Ausweitung demokratischer Herrschaftsverhaltnisse sowie durch eine uberzeugendere Organisation des Weltstaatensystems. Die Konflikttheorie besteht auf der zerstorerisch-schopferischen Doppelna tur des Konflikts, klart Grundbegriffe und entwickelt praktisch bedeutsa me Typologien moglicher Konflikttransformationen und gewaltloser Kon fliktinterventionen. Der Einbezug kulturell vergleichender Studien wirft dabei ein interessantes Licht auf den von Galtung durchgehend angemahn ten Holismus der Disziplin. - Die Entwicklungstheorie erforscht Formen struktureller Gewalt und ent wickelt Prinzipien eines alternativen Entwicklungsverstandnisses wie auch Perspektiven einer gerechteren, nachhaltigen Okonomie- und Wirtschafts theorie. Galtungs Theorie okonomischer Externalitaten wie sein Vorschlag einer eklektischen Kombination verschiedener Wirtschaftssysteme formu lieren eine praktisch bedeutsame Absage an westliche Mainstream-Model le von Okonomie und Entwicklung nicht weniger als an die entwicklungs politisch weitgehend folgenlose Imperialismus- und Dependenzkritik der Siebziger und Achtziger Jahre. - Die Zivilisationstheorie schliesslich entfaltet das jungst eingefuhrte Kon zept "kultureller Gewalt" insbesondere hinsichtlich dessen tiefenkulturel ler Implikationen. Die Fokussierung auf Probleme des Krieges und des Friedens stellt klar, dass und inwiefern Galtungs Friedenskonzept reicher, seine Konfliktlehre differenzierter, sein Handlungsanspruch umfassender geworden, seine Grundintention der Gewaltreduktion mit friedlichen Mit teln aber die gleiche geblieben ist."

Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) includes scholars and practitioners throughout the world working in peace studies, conflict analysis and resolution, conflict management, appropriate dispute resolution, and peace and justice studies. They come to the PCS field with a diversity of ideas, approaches, disciplinary roots, and topic areas, which speaks to the complexity, breadth, and depth needed to apply and take account of conflict dynamics and the goal of peace. Yet, a number of key concerns and dilemmas continue to challenge the field. Critical Issues in Peace and Conflict Studies: Theory, Practice, and Pedagogy, edited by Thomas Matyok, Jessica Senehi, and Sean Byrne, is a collection of essays that explores a number of these issues, providing a means by which academics, students, and practitioners can develop various methods to confront the complexity of contemporary conflicts. Critical Issues in Peace and Conflict Studies discusses the emerging field of PCS, and suggests a framework for the future development of the field and the education of its practitioners and academics. The book has a wide audience targeting students at the undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate levels. It also extends to those working in and leading community conflict resolution efforts as well as humanitarian aid workers.

Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) includes scholars and practitioners throughout the world working in peace studies, conflict analysis and resolution, conflict management, appropriate dispute resolution, and peace and justice studies. They come to the PCS field with a diversity of ideas, approaches, disciplinary roots, and topic areas, which speaks to the complexity, breadth, and depth needed to apply and take account of conflict dynamics and the goal of peace. Yet, a number of key concerns and dilemmas continue to challenge the field. Critical Issues in Peace and Conflict Studies: Theory, Practice, and Pedagogy, edited by Thomas Matyok, Jessica Senehi, and Sean Byrne, is a collection of essays that explores a number of these issues, providing a means by which academics, students, and practitioners can develop various methods to confront the complexity of contemporary conflicts. Critical Issues in Peace and Conflict Studies discusses the emerging field of PCS, and suggests a framework for the future development of the field and the education of its practitioners and academics. The book has a wide audience targeting students at the undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate levels. It also extends to those working in and leading community conflict resolution efforts as well as humanitarian aid workers."

In light of the United States' "age of terrorism" and the controversial involvement in the war in Iraq, U.S. policies toward diplomatic peace education are coming under increasing scrutiny. This book evaluates the prospects for effective U.S. peace education in the context of post??????1945 U.S. foreign policy. The work first documents the disparity between U.S. pronouncements about protecting human rights and the country's systematic erosion of those rights in the international arena. Second, it evaluates the challenges that the war on terrorism poses for peace education and explores the importance of international treaties in upholding security. A final section explores new ways of thinking and relating that are ultimately necessary for the realization of nonviolent peacekeeping efforts. Designed as a resource text for U.S. educators, the text offers concrete proposals for addressing contentious foreign policy issues in the classroom and includes an appendix of primary documents and sample questions for easy use.

Since the end of the Cold War several political agreements have been signed in attempts to resolve longstanding conflicts in such volatile regions as Northern Ireland, Israel-Palestine, South Africa, and Rwanda. This is the first comprehensive volume that examines reconciliation, justice, and coexistence in the post-settlement context from the levels of both theory and practice. Mohammed Abu-Nimer has brought together scholars and practitioners who discuss questions such as: Do truth commissions work? What are the necessary conditions for reconciliation? Can political agreements bring reconciliation? How can indigenous approaches be utilized in the process of reconciliation? In addition to enhancing the developing field of peacebuilding by engaging new research questions, this book will give lessons and insights to policy makers and anyone interested in post-settlement issues.

Since the end of the Cold War several political agreements have been signed in attempts to resolve longstanding conflicts in such volatile regions as Northern Ireland, Israel-Palestine, South Africa, and Rwanda. This is the first comprehensive volume that examines reconciliation, justice, and coexistence in the post-settlement context from the levels of both theory and practice. Mohammed Abu-Nimer has brought together scholars and practitioners who discuss questions such as: Do truth commissions work? What are the necessary conditions for reconciliation? Can political agreements bring reconciliation? How can indigenous approaches be utilized in the process of reconciliation? In addition to enhancing the developing field of peacebuilding by engaging new research questions, this book will give lessons and insights to policy makers and anyone interested in post-settlement issues.

This dazzlingly original collaboration between two international authors focuses on 20 macrohistorians—that is to say, historians who have helped shape our entire way of conceiving ourselves—from Ssu-Ma Ch'ien and Ibn Khaldun to Oswald Spengler and Marx and Piritim Sorokin and Arnold Toynbee. The authors move toward a general theory of grand social change based on the writings of these macrohistorians and provide a comparative view of macrohistory and sociology. The book brings a cross-cultural and transhistorical perspective to the study of social change, analyzing macrohistorians and macrohistory comparatively and synthetically, from the traditional linear-cyclical divide as well as including broader transcendental and feminist approaches. Like a road map par excellence for the study of civilizational change, the book captures the panoramic sweep of history and helps readers learn to appreciate, and henceforth include in the circle of greats, those non-Western thinkers whose work they may until now have neglected.^L ^L Johan Galtung, Sohail Inayatullah, and the other contributors to ^IMacrohistory and Macrohistorians^R demonstrate that each generation may give new perspectives to ideas that we thought we understood. The book covers the vital perspective out of which the 21st century emerges, and in the cases of Sorokin, Toynbee, and Eisler, deals with theories directly bearing on the potential shape of the next thousand years. It brings a cross-cultural and transhistorical perspective to the study of social change and will be of considerable interest to historians and sociologists as well as students of philosophy, historiography, and political science.

Dieses Buch ist der Friedensbewegung gewidmet. Damit meine ich aile jene Leute, MiUionen und AbermiUionen, in Ost und West, die wissen, daB sich ein Nuklearkrieg einfach nicht ereignen darf; die wissen, daB das Wettrusten nicht endlos weitergehen kann, ohne zu Krieg zu fiihren; die wissen, daB Ab- rustungskonferenzen das Wettriisten nicht beenden werden, und die dies deutlich sagen, die entsprechend handeln und verzweifelt nach einem Aus- weg suchen. Das Buch ist eine Anstrengung, solche Alternativen zu erfor- schen, und eine Einladung an den Leser, sie zu kritisieren, sie weiterzuent- wickeln, in gleichen oder in anderen Richtungen. Das Buch stutzt sich auf mehr als 200 Vortrage uber dieses Thema mit Diskussionen, zwischen Juni 1981 und Oktober 1983 in 20 Landern in Ost und West, Nord und Sud, und es ist stark von dem inspiriert, was ich aus diesen Diskussionen gelernt habe - in Gegenwart von Politikern, Militars, Menschen im aUgemeinen, ob Mit- glieder der Friedensbewegung oder nicht. Denn diese Menschen, die immer noch nach Alternativen suchen, sind die echten Glaubigen an die besten Aspekte westlicher Zivilisation, nicht jene, deren Geist verschlossen ist, die immer dieselbe Antwort praduzieren: mehr Waffen. Falls es uns moglich sein soUte, wieder ans Tageslicht zu kommen, so wird dies geschehen, weil der Druck von der Friedensbewegung her stark genug ist und in der richtigen Richtung erfolgt. In diesen Versammlungen habe ich die Verzweiflung der Menschen ge- spurt. Sie glauben kaum ein Wort von dem, was die Regierungen ihnen sagen.

Die Autoren des vorliegenden Buches verbrachten im Herbst 1973 zwei Wochen in der Volksrepublik China. Der Aufenthalt war vom Chinesischen Internationalen Reisebilro Lilxingshe in Peking organisiert und bot Gelegenheit zum Besuch - mit Dis- kussionen - zweier Volkskommunen ( der Kummune 1. Juli am Rande von Schanghai und der Musterbrigade Tachai in der Tachai Kommune in der Nahe von Yangching), zweier Fabriken (einer Produktionsstatte filr Werkzeugmaschinen in Schanghai und der Baumwollmuhle Nummer 2 in Peking), zweier Universitaten (Fu Tan in Schanghai und Peita in Peking, mit vorrangigem Interesse an den Instituten fur internationale Beziehungen, Philosophie, Ge- schichte, C>konomie und Verwaltungswissenschaft), zweier Schu- len (eines Kindergartens oder einer Vorschule je nach Wahl und der 26. Mittelschule in Peking), zweier Kliniken (die eine in der Kommune 1. Juli, die andere, eine Augenklinik, in Peking), zweier Ladengeschafte (eines Ladens im Kung Chung-StraBenkomitee in Schanghai und eines groBen Kaufhauses in Kanton), diverser kul- tureller Institutionen (des Kulturparks in Kanton, einer Akroba- tentruppe in Schanghai, der Chinesischen Mauer, der Ming-Graber, der "Verbotenen Stadt" etc. in Peking und alter Palaste in Schang- hai), zweier Ausstellungen ilber den Stand der Produktion in China (der Handelsmesse in Kanton und der Industrieausstellung in Schanghai) und schlieBlich zweier Einrichtungen, die im Hin- blick auf die AuBenpolitik interessant sind (das Institut filr Aus- landsbeziehungen der Volksrepublik China und die unterirdi- schen Tunnels in Peking).

Dr. Michael Haas' book, United States Diplomacy with North Korea and Vietnam: Explaining Failure and Success, aims to explain a significant, beguiling discrepancy in U.S. foreign relations: How has American diplomacy with Vietnam proved so successful when compared with its efforts to negotiate with North Korea? Haas undertakes a comparative analysis of foreign policy decisions to determine how relationships between the U.S. and each country have diverged drastically, in spite of a legacy of U.S. occupation in both regions. By tracing diplomatic interactions historically, comparatively quantifying diplomatic missteps on the part of the U.S., and cross-testing four paradigms of international relations, Haas presents a case for why the U.S. has succeeded in developing good relations with Vietnam while failing to achieve them with North Korea. Nuclear war haunts the world today because the U.S. has refused to negotiate a peace agreement with North Korea for more than six decades, yet the U.S. is on friendly terms today with Vietnam, a former enemy. This book answers why, finding that Washington's diplomacy with both countries explains the dramatic difference. Among four theories posed, power politics and presidential politics are refuted as explanations. Mass society theory, which focuses on civil society, finds that negotiations regarding American soldiers missing in action paved the way for success with Vietnam but not with North Korea. But diplomacy theory-tracing moves and countermoves during diplomatic interactions-reveals the real source of the problem: The United States provided reciprocated unilateral positive gestures to Vietnam while repeatedly double crossing North Korea. Although Pyongyang repeatedly offered to give up nuclear developments, Washington offered no alternative to Pyongyang but to develop a nuclear deterrent to safeguard the country against a devious and hostile U.S. The book, in short, serves as a serious corrective to false narratives and options being disseminated about the situation that fail to appreciate North Korea perspectives. Now that North Korea has a nuclear deterrent, diplomacy is the only route toward a de-escalation of tensions so that the United States can live peacefully with North Korea in a manner similar to its relations with nuclear China and nuclear Russia. More broadly, United States Diplomacy with North Korea and Vietnam demonstrates what happens when Washington plays the role of global bully, whereas more resources are needed for developing diplomatic talent in a world that will otherwise become more dangerous.